LANGUAGE USAGE AGREEMENT AS THE WORLD LANGUAGE COMMUNICATION

By: Amrul Mukmin

amrultdk@yahoo.com

State University of Jakarta

Indonesia

Histoy of language

The language of instruction or commonly called Lingua Franca (Latin meaning "language of the Franks") is a linguistic term that means "language of instruction" or "lingua franca" in a place where there are speakers of different languages. Ayatrohaedi translate this term by term basantara, of the word "base" or "language" and "between". Besides that, the language of instruction is also used as the language of the preamble in the ordinary and scientific activities. In every country there are many depending on the language of the early history of the formation of the country.

Language is something that is used to facilitate communication in daily life and is a collective agreement. Language can be divided into three: general language, body language and sign language. Common language is the language used by normal people or people who do not have a deficiency in communication. Body language is the language used by or for people who have a deficiency in terms of the ability to speak or hear that could only move but can not communicate normally. Sign language is the language used by or for the people who do not have the normal ability to move normally or to communicate, so can not use a common language or body language. In theory, a language created by shared needs between people or others in order to facilitate communication, because it is a collective agreement, the language has a lot of the stuff is based on mutual agreement. Examples of languages ​​are Indonesian, English, Chinese, Arabic, and others.

The use of language can be used in every place, for example when shopping, playing, talking and even using an object. One thing that is very fatal if the language is not used in daily life. For example when a man who was buying food at the store, then he should understand what the shop owner said, either in a common language or language that is very rarely used. Another unusual circumstances when, for example, when an accident where the victim can not communicate unusual sign language should be used in accordance with agreed.

Commonly used language on the basis of an agreement or a mutual desire of the communicators. common language has some rules that need to be obeyed to make communication run smoothly. In one case, when a person who comes from one country to meet with people from other countries. In this case there needs to be an agreement between such persons. If there is no agreement then the communication will not run smoothly. For example, people who use Indonesian (Indonesia) met with the Chinese who use the Chinese language will not happen because of a communication there is no common understanding when using the language. The results of the two men will not see the point in talks. If it does not have the understanding that at any time until there will be no agreement unless they already understand each other's language.

In the daily life we ​​may not need to use language that is agreed upon by all people in the world because of the daily lives of people who only exist around us that will be encountered such as parents, friends, employees or others. World language is a language that is agreed upon by people around the world as a spoken language of the world. Generally agreed that the language Arabic, Chinese and English language. In addition to the three languages ​​of the world there has never been any other agreed additional language. But sometimes the more dominant English language used in the world because English is easier to learn than Arabic and Chinese. In addition, the state also has many English colonies so that the colonies adopted the English language as the national language. Therefore the more dominant English language used in the world.

History of english

English is a Germanic language that was first spoken in Britain in the Middle Ages and the Early today is the most common language used throughout the world. English is spoken as a first language by the majority of the population in many countries, including the United Kingdom, Ireland, USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and a number of Caribbean countries as well as the official language in nearly 60 sovereign countries. English is the native language third most widely spoken around the world, after Mandarin and Spanish. English is also used as a second language and the official language of the European Union, the Commonwealth, and the United Nations (UN), as well as a variety of other organizations (Wikipedia, 2014).

English was first developed in the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of England and in areas that currently make up the Scottish southeast. After the expansion of British influence in the 17th century and the 20th through the British Empire, the English language is widespread throughout the world. In addition, the wide use of English is also caused by the spread of culture and technology that dominates in the United States throughout the 20th century. These things have led to the current English language became the major language and are not formally regarded as a lingua franca in many parts of the world.

Language agreement

Historically, English originated from diverse melting related dialects, which currently are collectively known as Old English, which were brought to the eastern coast of the island Britain by Germanic settlers (Anglo-Saxons) in the 5th century; said English 'is derived from the name Angles. The Anglo-Saxons tribe itself comes from the region of Angeln (currently Schleswig-Holstein, Germany). Early English also influenced by the Old Norse language after the Vikings conquered England in the 9th century and 10th (Wikipedia, 2014).

Moreover, the language of instruction is also very important in our daily life, whether to communicate or express. Due to the absence of the language of instruction then a conversation will not be started. An example there are two people who meet, if they do not start a conversation then there will be a communication. Therefore, there needs to be the language of instruction to initiate a communication.

So it can be concluded that the agreement language is a language that is agreed upon by two or more persons to conduct a conversation. The talks were conducted can be formal or informal depending on the initial talks began. In terms of starting the conversation is very important to use the language of instruction as described previously so that the conversation can be organized and run in accordance with desired.

SUBSTITUTE FOR NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS AT GRADE 3 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS

National exams commonly abbreviated UN / National Examination is a standardized evaluation system of primary and secondary education nationally and similarities between regions, the quality of education conducted by the Center for Educational Assessment, Ministry of Education in Indonesian based on the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Number 20 of 2003 states that in order to control the quality national education evaluation as a form of accountability of education providers to the parties concerned. Further stated that the evaluation conducted by an independent agency on a regular basis, a thorough, transparent, and systematic way to assess the achievement of national standards for the evaluation and monitoring process should be carried out continuously. (Wikipedia)

But judging from the national exam only in terms of the ability of students as a whole, not the individual talents of students. The proof is at the level of Senior High School (SHS) subjects tested all the same in Indonesian, but whether the Ministry of National Education has always supervise the learning process that takes place every Monday through Saturday so they think that they make education standards have been implemented so that they create problems similar National Examination in Indonesian? it is not possible because of the learning process that happens in Jakarta is not necessarily the same as the process of learning that takes place in Pontianak, Pontianak may be in the learning process when there is a disturbance in the form of wild animals rampaging around the school because the school happens to be in the countryside so that the learning process teaching can not take place. It can take the conclusion that the National Examination regardless of whether students have learned about the material that will be on the exam national or not.

In addition, the National Examination only test students' skills in terms of theory and as a whole. Although there is a practice, it was only a mere formality to get the value. National Examination should have tested the ability of students in terms of interests and talents of students so that students can appreciate their interests and talents freely because each student must have a different thought about a branch of science. Example of a class of high school level 40% more students like math, 2% over subjects like Physics, 10% is more like biology, and the rest over to the sports and arts. This can happen because, as explained earlier that thought every student is different.

In terms of determining graduation, National Exam is less fair to the students. For approximately three years, students have to study but it is only defined in the graduation exam time less than 6 days. If students do not pass the exam Nasioanal then deemed not pass in his education so that the student must repeat the study again for about 1 year. If students pass too, it can not guarantee that students succeed in the face of the next world, for example, if students want to continue high school graduates to pursue higher education then it should do the tests entered first. So, to what do National Exam? National Examination score requirement is only used to get a diploma.

During the determination of the national exam pass mark is determined by agreement between decision makers only. The pass mark is determined the same for each subject. Though subject characteristics and capabilities of learners are not the same. It was not a consideration of education decision makers. Not necessarily in a particular education level, each subject has the same standards as the minimum standard of competence achievement. There are subjects that require a high minimum competency achievement, while other subjects are not as high as it determines. This situation is not fair for students, as required exceeds the capacity of maximum capacity. (Wikipedia)

So, the solusion is. . . .

After looking at the facts that occur in the field regarding the National Exam, then we draw conclusions. Conclusion that we offer to replace the system's National education with the education system to prioritize the interests and talents of students so that students can appreciate his ability based on their interests and talents of each.

If you want to change the educational system, our solution is to replace the National Exam to test scientific papers. Papers are not made under the provisions of the Ministry of National Education, but based on students' interests and talents. Students can make a scientific paper based on their respective capabilities, for example, students who have an interest in the field of physics can make a scientific paper based on the science of physics that he learned in school. Or students who have an interest in the arts can make a scientific paper based on the science of art that he learned in school.

With this scientific paper so students can appreciate the interests and talents of each as he wishes without pressing the creativity of each student. After making scientific papers, students are required to present her paper is to appraisers. Appraiser in question amounted to 3 people with the composition of the school teachers, representatives of the Ministry of Education in the region and the university. For the teacher selected as the appraiser must meet enough criteria to be assessors. For the delegation of the Ministry of Education should already have the ability in the field of scientific papers. Whereas for the university should be experienced in the field of research that could be professors or students. If it can not be met then the Ministry of Education and Culture (Kemendikbud) should do the socialization and training of those who will be selected to be evaluator.

For the determination of graduation, students must to present her paper. This is done to avoid impersonation papers or people paid to make the papers because that can actually understand a scientific paper is the one that makes it so necessary to the presentation to test the authenticity of scientific papers. If the student has successfully passed the proficiency level doing. If there are students who have not graduated yet qualify for graduation because it can be re-done presentation so there are no losers because of a short test.

For the manufacture of scientific papers, the students were given approximately 3 months to prepare scientific papers, after it was presented. In addition, students are also given guidance in making these papers so that students can ask questions when not understand something.

So when likened to a building, the school just as the foundation of the building. For buildings thereon let students construct what will become the building fit their individual creativity.

With this system, students are expected to thoroughly appreciate their creativity during the school so that education is not limited to only the value but nothing resulted from the students. In addition, with this system, the State of Indonesia can have a saving scientific papers continues to increase each year of the implementation of this system.

Our conclusion from the above statement regarding the National Exam which we do not agree with the current education system. If had to do it system National Examinations should be replaced without changing the name because the system has detained student creativity in creating the knowledge they have learned.